Restauración Ecológica con Participación Social

class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide

.title[
# Restauración Ecológica con Participación Social
]
.subtitle[
## Clase 5 - Restauración Biocultural/Etno-estudios
]
.author[
### Felipe Melo
]
.institute[
### Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada - UFPE
]
.date[
### 2022-10-03
]

---

background-image: url(https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/zhc/img/ZHCIndigenouspeoples-620x338.jpg)
background-size: cover
class: center, middle

--
.content-box-grey[
#¿Qué neceistamos saber hoy?
]

---
.pull-left[
### -La importancia del conocimeinto tradicional para la restauración

### -Etnobotánica y otras ciencias multidisciplinares

### -La importancia del conocimiento tradicional

]

.pull-right[
<img src=https://i.etsystatic.com/27475776/r/il/7814bf/2948744832/il_fullxfull.2948744832_lh7g.jpg>
]

---
.left-column[
## Plantas medicinales
### Servicio de provisión
]

.right-column[

[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_plants)
]

---
# Altísimo valor
.pull-left[
### [US$ 5 trilhões](https://india.mongabay.com/2020/02/forests-that-heal-medicinal-plants-as-an-ecosystem-service/)
### 4 mil millones de personas

]

.pull-right[
### La Cannabis medicinal vale [US$ 9 Bilhões](https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/legal-marijuana-market)
### Crescimento de até 90 Bilhões até 2026

]

---
.left-column[
# Etnobotánica

## Aleimentación
## Cultural
## Farmacológico

]
.right-column[
.center[
<img src=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Schultes_amazon_1940s.jpg/290px-Schultes_amazon_1940s.jpg width = 400>
]]

---
# [Etnofarmacologia](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etnofarmacologia)
.pull-left[
### - 25% de las drogas son de origen vegetal
### - Expediciones etnobotánicas
### - Historicamente importante
### - Problemas con la propriedad intelectual
]
.pull-right[
<img src="https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81aBym7PJ6L.jpg" width = 400>
]

---
# El conocimiento tradicional

.left-column[
### Resiliencia a cambios climáticos
### Soberania de los pueblos tradicionales
]

.right-column[
<img src="libs/leret.jpeg" width = 900>

[Camara-leret et al (2019)](https://www.pnas.org/content/116/20/9913)
]

---
# El conocimiento tradicional

.left-column[
###  Resiliencia a cambios climáticos
###  Soberania de los pueblos tradicionales
###  Conocimiento médico
]

.right-column[
<img src="libs/leret2.jpg" width = 700>

[Camara-leret & Bascompte (2021)](https://www.pnas.org/content/118/24/e2103683118.short)
]

---
# Benefícios psicológicos
.left-column[
### Interacciones plantas-pessoas
### Bienestar general
### Terapias con horticultura
]

.right-column[
<img src=https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/47fe9818-7ff2-4ea5-b387-d7554eee5e8c/ppp310087-fig-0001-m.jpg width = 600>

[Del Sesto (2020)](https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ppp3.10087)
]

---
# Soberania alimentaria
.left-column[
### Acaí
### Quinoa
### Chia
### Chás diversos
### [Acaí = US$ 17 Milhões em exportações](https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2019/02/21/caminhos-do-acai-estados-unidos-consome-40-da-exportacao-paraense-mercado-na-europa-e-timido-e-fruto-movimenta-us-17-milhoes-em-dois-anos.ghtml)
]

.right-column[
<img src=https://www.ufrgs.br/laranjanacolher/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Boa-Noite-1024x1024.png width=600>
]

---
# Huertos medicinales
.pull-left[
### Preserva saberes tradicionales
### Valoriza medicina preventiva
### Promueve soberania
]

.pull-right[
<img src=http://www.ifsertao-pe.edu.br/images/Campus_ZonaRural/Imagens/2017/Maio/horta-medicinal-7.JPG>
]

---
# [Fitoteraía no SUS](https://www.conasems.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/images_FITOTERAPIA.png)
.pull-left[
### - Preserva saberes tradicioinais
### - Valoriza medicina preventiva
### - Promueve soberania
### - Pesquisa en tecnolgia
### - Novas patentes
]

.pull-right[
<img src=https://www.conasems.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/images_FITOTERAPIA.png>
]

---
background-image:url(https://www.decibeldesigns.com/product_images/uploaded_images/sunstainable-forest-management.png)
background-size: cover
class:center, middle

.content-box-grey[
#Manejo forestal
]

---
# Manejo Floretal comercial
.pull-left[
### Bosques Naturales

]

.pull-right[
### Bosques Sembrados

]

---
# El manejo forestal en las economias
.pull-left[
### Muy pequena 
### < 3% do PIB
### 7 mi de empregos
### 10% das exportações
]
.pull-right[
##[Industria Brasileira de Árvores](https://files.cercomp.ufg.br/weby/up/986/o/relatorio-iba-2020.pdf)

<img src=http://afilare.com.br/novo/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ib%C3%A1.jpg width = 300>
]

---
.left-column[
#Manejo florestal para energia
]
.right-column[
## [Leña en la Caatinga](https://www.florestal.gov.br/ultimas-noticias/1995-mercado-de-lenha-no-nordeste-movimenta-r-2-bilhoes-por-ano-e-garante-ocupacao-equivalente-a-35-mil-postos-de-trabalho)

<img src=https://imagens-cdn.canalrural.com.br/wp-content/uploads/lenha-nordeste-640x480.jpeg width = 700>
]

---
.left-column[
## Bosques energéticos
]

.right-column[
<iframe width="900" height="562" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/yzc5pFjxIUs" title="Entenda como funciona o reaproveitamento da madeira da caatinga" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]

---
.pull-left[
# [Manejo florestal comunitário](https://imazon.org.br/guia-para-o-manejo-florestal-comunitario/)

## Um grand reto
## Cadenas produtivas de la sociobiodiversidad
## Servicios ecosistemicos
]
.pull-right[
<iframe width="1177" height="662" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JmguQpIzwvg" title="Especial: Radiografía del manejo forestal comunitario en México" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]

---
.left-column[
## Manejo agroecológico

### Produção de alimento
### Economia Floresal
### ¿Es posible? [SÍ](https://issuu.com/canoadocs/docs/restaura____oecol__gicasistemasagro)
]
.right-column[
.center[
<img src=https://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/agroforestry/files/inline-images/Agroforestry%20system%20with%20oil%20palm%2C%20cocoa%20and%20a%C3%A7ai%20in%20the%20Brazilian%20Amazon.%20Photo%20CIFOR-ICRAF%20BrazilMartin%20Meier_0.JPG width= 700>
]
]

---
background-image:url(https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/_processed_/1/8/csm_DryingGarcinia_Field_India__710x590_a34c3f743f.gif)
background-size: cover
class: middle , center

.content-box-grey[
# Productos no maderables
]

---
.left-column[
## Productos no-maderables
### Estratégia de desarrollo sostenible?
]

.right-column[

[Comunidades Tradicionais: Extrativistas / Seringueiros](http://www.ecobrasil.provisorio.ws/30-restrito/categoria-conceitos/1103-comunidades-tradicionais-extrativistas-seringueiros)
]

---

.pull-left[
# [Chico Mendes](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico_Mendes)
<img src=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Chico_Mendes_in_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Chico_Mendes_in_1988_%28cropped%29.jpg width = 350>

]

.pull-right[
### Gran contribución para las nociones modernas de extractivismo
### Pueblos del Bosque

]

---
.left-column[
## Reservas Extrativistas

### Rio Formoso-PE, Brasil
### Modos de vida?
### Herencia cultural?

]
.right-column[
.center[
<img src=https://agenciaeconordeste.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/3-pescadoras-moacir-santana-768x512.jpg width = 800>
]]

---
.left-column[
## Reservas Extrativistas

### Comunidades costeñas
### Modos de vida?
### Herencia cultural?

]
.right-column[
.center[
<iframe width="896" height="672" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dduvN5_bMvw" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>
]]

---
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/caat_verde.jpg")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/caat_seca.jpg")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/caat_verde2.jpg")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/caat_seca2.jpg")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/lear.jpg")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/tatu2.png")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/vaqueiro.png")
class: center, middle

--
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/pessoas.png")
class: center, middle

--
.content-box-gray[
# El paisaje socioecológico de la Caatinga
]

---
.right[
# Las personas más vulnerables de Brasil]

.pull-left[
<img src="libs/sovi.png" width= 900>
[Hummel 2016](Social Vulnerability to Natural Hazards in Brazil)

]

.pull-right[
<img src="libs/bolsa_fam.png" width= 900>
]

---
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/mapbiom_caat.jpg")
class: center, middle

---
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/desmat_caat.jpg")
class: center, middle

---
.right[
# Qué es un abordaje Biocultural?]

--
##- Reconocer quienes se benefician

--
##- Atacar desigualdades de acceso a recursos

--
##- Valorar conocimientos locales

--
## - Recuperar/Conservar la diversidad socioecológica

---

background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/roca_caat.jpg")
class: center, middle

--
.content-box-gray[
# Cómo crear paisajes socioecológicos sustentables en la Caatinga?
]

---

# El disturbio crónico
.center[<img src="libs/chronic.png" width= 600> ]

### fuente: [Antongiovanni et al (2020)](https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2664.13686)

---
.right[
# Chivos y la Caatinga]
.pull-left[
<img src="libs/bodes.png" width= 900>
]

.pull-right[
### - Áreas de uso de 100ha
### - Hábito generalista
### - Reducem biomasa de herbáceas
### - Preferencia por hábitats abiertos
### fuentes: [Jamelli et al 2021](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140196321000987) e [Menezes et al 2020](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ldr.3693)
]

---
.right[
# Chivos y la Caatinga]
.left[
<img src="libs/herb_biomass.png" width= 700> [Menezes et al 2020](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ldr.3693)
]

---
.right[
# Chivos y la Caatinga]
.pull-left[
<img src="libs/jameli2.jpg" width= 350>

fuente: [Jamelli et al 2021](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140196321000987)
]

.pull-right[
<img src="libs/bodes.png" width= 400>
]

---
.left-column[
# Respuestas de la vegetación al disturbio
### Pinho et al 2019]

.right-column[
.center[
<img src=libs/pinho_fig.png width = 950>]
]

---
.left-column[
# Respuestas de la vegetación al disturbio
### Pinho et al 2019]

.right-column[
.center[
<img src=libs/pinho_fig3.png width = 650>]
]

---
.left-column[
# Respuestas de la vegetación al disturbio
### Pinho et al 2019]

.right-column[
.center[
<img src=libs/pinho_fig2.png width = 750>]
]

---
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/drone.png")
class: center, middle

.content-box-gray[
# cDEEP - Caatinga Dry Ecosystem Ecological Program
]

---
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/cdeep_result.png")
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
.right[.content-box-gray[Carmo et al (under review)]]

---
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/homen_caatinga.jpg")
class: center, middle
--
.content-box-gray[
# Caatinga y bienestar humano
]

---
background-position: center
background-size: 90%
background-image: url("libs/wef.png")

###[Melo et al. 2021](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-00608-z)

---
.right[
# Seguridad alimentaria y Caatinga]
.pull-left[
<img src="libs/drought.png" width= 900>
]

.pull-right[
##  Caatinga + Chivos = Conservación?
<img src="libs/correlog.png" width= 900>

Fonte: Alencar et al (in press)
]

---
.left-column[
# Seguridad hídrica y Caatinga
### - Acceso al água
### - Problema multidimensional
### - Variables socioeconómicas
### fonte: Alencar et al in press)
]

.right-column[
<img src="libs/water.jpg" width= 900>
]

---
.left-column[
# Segurança energética e Caatinga
### - Importante fuente de energía
### - Extración no oficial de leña
#### fonte: Alencar et al (in press)
]

.right-column[
<img src="libs/energy.png" width= 900>
]

---

.pull-left[
<img src="libs/biocult.png" width= 720>
]

.pull-right[
# Restauración biocultural
### - Conocimiento tradicional es clave
### - Aumenta la participación
### - Reproduce características originales del sistema
### fonte: [Sena et al 2021]()

]

---
.left-column[
## Forest~Livelihoods
## Boom-and-bust development
####Alencar et al (in prep)

<img src=libs/caat.jpg>
]
.right-column[
.center[
<img src=libs/forest_poverty.png width = 750>]]

---
.right[
# Caatinga es energía
]

.pull-left[
<img src="https://www.oeco.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Chato.jpg" width= 420>

## 85% da energia eólica do Brasil

[Neri et al 2019](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064419300537)
]

.pull-right[
<img src="https://imagens-cdn.canalrural.com.br/wp-content/uploads/lenha-nordeste-640x480.jpeg" width= 400>
## Mercado de R$ 2Bi/ano
fonte: [Canal Rural](https://www.canalrural.com.br/noticias/mercado-lenha-nordeste/)
]

---
class: center, middle
<img src=libs/eolic_graf.png>
.left[
[Neri et al (2019)](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2530064419300537)
]

---
background-position: center
background-size: 100%
background-image: url("libs/land_tenure.png")
# Acceso a la tierra y restauración
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
### Melo et al (under review)

---
background-position: center
background-size: cover
background-image: url("libs/tatu2.png")
# El parque del Armadillo

--
.pull-left[
<img src= libs/fuleco1.png width = 400>
<img src= libs/fuleco2.png  width = 400>
]

--
.pull-right[

]

---
<iframe width="1280" height="620" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rQHAgyrXims" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

---

# Lecciones
<br><br>

--
## - La Caatinga puede convertirse en un laboratorio de restauración/conservación inclusiva

--
## - Monitorear indicadores socioeconómicos y ambientales es crucial

--
## - Mover el foco del carbono para servicios e personas

---
# Agradecimentos:
.pull-left[
### - Dra. Adriana Pelegrinni
### - Dra. Cristina Baldauf
### - Dra. Gislene Ganade
### - Dr. Luke Parry
### - Dr. Marcelo Tabarelli
### - Dr. Severino R.R. Pinto
]
.pull-right[
<img src="libs/unis.png" width="120%" />
]

---
class: center, middle

# Gracias
## [ecoaplic.org](www.ecoaplic.org)